Alternating-current maximum-demand wattmeter.



c. A-BoDmE. l ALTERNATING CURRENT MAXIMUM DEMAND WAMETEH. 15206372.

MPLYICATION FLED MAR. 30; l9l2.

Patented Nw.' 2s, ma.

3 SHEETSWSHEET i.

| l l x lll! x l l l i1. t

C. A. BoDbIE.

ALTERNATING CURRENT MAXIMUM DEMAND WATTMETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 30. v1912.

latented Nov. 28, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

` CsA. sommi. ALTERNAING GURRENTMAXIMUM DEMAND WATTMETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 30, 1912.

Patented Nov. 28, 1916.

SSHEEs-SMEET 3.

I @mue/nto@ @standard makes ol wattmeters without e`n- CLARENCE ALEXANDER BODDIE, OF BOSTON, MASSACISETTS.

ALTERNATING-CURRENT MAXIM UNI-DEMAND WATTMETER.

To ZZ 'cli-0m 'it may concern in separate cases.

'recordinginstruments of this character hav` `mand instruments.

`The. practical demand tor nmtrlunents` Beit known'that l, (`L.\m-;Nc1-; Amcxn'man Bonnin, a citizen of the United States, rclsidini;` at loston. in the county of Suti'olk and State ot' Massachusetts, have invented certain new and usefulV `lmprovements in Alternating Current .Maximum Demand Wattmeters, ot' which the following is a specification.

rlhe present invention relates to the tvpe of wattmeters know'n als the maximum-de-l which "will record the maximum amount of power used at the periodiot `rreatest demand in a given period is a large one, and the instruments now on the market are in man)v ways unsatistactorv. The most usual type isthat in which a maximum demand attachment is used in conjmiction with a wattmeter of recognized t vpe a11d`is provided. with a controlling or time element consisting' 4otl a clock mechanism.

lhe principal objections to this type ot maximunl-de malul meters are the necessity .otwinding' the clock mechanism at stated intervals to place the attachment in con'- dition for'` registering the, ma\:immn power values and the large dimensions ot a case that will contain the. clock mechanism and they wattmetei or the alternative ot mountinethe clock mechanism and-the wattmeter And. it ma v he added,

ing' multiplied and complicated parts are not reliable in constant and extended use.

The object ot thisl invention is to construct a maximuni-demand wattmeter which will obviate. the objectionable Jfeatures above set tort'h, as well as other objections which may lle raised against instruments ol this class. Thus. the present invention comprises an attachment which is emlaalied in a wattmeter ot' the integrating` typeA to he mounted in the case. oi anyY ot' the well known and larg'ing to any extent. it at all, the dimensions 'of said case. ln farrying out the abovecmstruction, the wattmeter mechanism, or what. will be termed the main mechanism, is so connected to the maximum-demand mechanism. or as it is termed hereinafter, the secondary' or auxiliary mechanism, that the latter is entirely controlled by the former and drivendirectlyl by the same power impulses without the interpositionl of Specificationot' Letters Patent.

and 2` indicate 18, said gear wheel Patented Nov. 28,1916.

Application tiled March 30, 1912. Serial No. 687,395.

other elements, such as the clock mechanism of the present type ot' meters.

Further. in the development of this invention, 1 provide an instrument in which the integrating mechanism and the maximum-di-mand apl'mratus are both actuated simultaneously by tl:y magnetic Hux'in a connnon field, and are so interrelated that, while each registers indepcndentl);Y of tue other, one is dependent on the other for its retardor control against.undesirable movement.

l provide also a maximuxii-demand instrument' in which the auxiiiarv mechanism` records the maximum dcnand reading in direct units. that is, in mitts. i

With the above objects in view, theapparatus will be hereinafter fully set forth with retercnce to the accompanying-drawings. in whichl v i Fir-ure i'. is .a rea; elevation of the maxi- -mmn demand instrument incorporated as a part of a attmeter of well known make parts ot the latter being .shown in broken line. Fig. is a side elevation of the device shown in Figi'l, Fig. 3 is a plan view, Fig'. l isa fragmentary perspective view ol a modified form ot' the invention, and Fig. 5 'is a t'ragmentaif)Y perspective view of certain elements. which show the invention applied to a polyplaase encrgv meter.

AWith more. particular reference. to said drawings` in l"igs. l, t.. and', numerals l parts ot' the clectro-magnet core. oi a wattmeter ot well-known type., said core, the coils (L, and a and other parts not concerned directly with thisinvention being: shown in broken lines for the sake ot clfarness. The main armature element 3 is mounted on a shat't -l and projects into the magnetic field produced by 4the electromagnet core4 and the shunt and series coils (f, L and c.

The shaft 4 of themain.armature element. 3 is provided witha pinion whichineshes with a gear 'wheel 7 mounted in the iframe 7 being the firstgear member of the train which constitutes the registering or integratingfmechanism (not. shown). I A

Above the main frame-'5, and suitably vfa tened thereto by screws l1, is a.4 vsecond frame-work, said trame-work comprising i. lower plate 10 and an upper .bridging plate `9, separated from each other by studs 12.

The rearend of said plate-9 carries 'a bracket ful lll)` BEST AVAlLABLE COF"y 13 which is provided with an upper bearing for a secondary shaft 14 upon which an auxiliary armature element 15 is mounted, as hereinafter set forth. TheI lower bearing of the shaft 11 is carried by a bracket 1G secured to the rear face of the electro-inagnet or to the Jrame 5. Said bearings are ad- -justable an are of any suitable jeweled type.

The auxiliary armature element 15,whieh may be of any suitable form, in the present instrument is shown semi-circular iii form and constructed preferably of aluminum and is so located on the shaft 14 that it projects into the magnetic lield of the electromagnet at substantiall)v the same point as the main armature element 3, that is, between the shunt coil and the series coil. ln thev present instance, the auxiliary armature element 15 is located above the element f5 but it is obvious that it may equally well be located below' the latter.

Near the upper end of the shaft 14, within the arch of the bracket lil, is located a hair spring 13 the inner end of which is secured to said shaft 11 and the outer end ot which is secured to a projection 1T of said bracket 13. The hair spring 13 is adjusted to maintain the element 15 in normal position in the magnetic {ield and tends to resist the rotative motion thereof which the magnetic flux of said field tends to produce. A'pointer 18, aso carried by the shaft, 14.: projects over the top of the instrument and cooperates Wit-li a scale. 19 that is located at the front of the device in position to show the maximum demand in kiloi 'atts The auxiliar f armature element 15, when influenced by the eddy currents i induced therein, moves rotatively against the tension ot the spring 13', if the torque be suiliciently strong. The torque may be strong enough to rotate the clement but the inducing current may be only momentary, as when set u p by a short circuit or the sudden throwing in of a. machine, and means, as hereinafter described, is provided to place a time limit on the action of the clement.

A spindle 20, havingl bearings in the upper and lower plates S) and 10, carries a pinion 21 which meshes with the rear wheel 7 and is driven thereby to actuelel a train ot' gears 23 and 24, through the agency of a pinion Thus, the armature element 3, by its connection with shaft #l and the pinion (i carried bythe latter, is adapted to drive the above mentioned train ot' gears. The gear wheel 21 has mounted on its upper face near its center a pin 26. A lever 27, carried at one end by ay spindle 2S, also having its bearings in the plates 9. and 10,

is enlarged at its free end to form an elongated loop 29 which surrounds said pin Q6, so that, as the gear wheel 21 revolves, pin 26 operates in the loop 29 to give a rotative reciproeatory movement to said spindle 28. A double eseapement, lever or pallet 30 is also mounted on the spindle 28 and is so located that its teeth alternately engage the teeth ot' an escapenient wheel 31 on the Secondary shaft 14, and it will be noted that, at each halt rotation of the gear 24, a tooth of the wheel 31 is freed. v

It is evident from the foregoing that a time element, consisting of the train of gears actuated and controlled by ther shaft 4, is placed in connection with the shaftl 14, whereby the movement of the element 15 is so governed that the inducing current must continue through an appreciable interval of time in order to b'e indicated or registered by the parts 18 and 19. It follows that the indications ot maximum demandy 1will not inelude such momentumr fluctuations as are set ilip b v short circuits and suddenly added loa( s.

Another spindle 552, jouriialed in the plates i) and 10, carries a hairLspring 33, the free end ot which is attached to a projection 34, and a pa wl 255 which is kept in engagement with the ratchet wheel 36 on the shaft 14. The t'unction ot' the pawl I-ii is to hold the sha-tt ll in the, position of itsinaximum rotative movement until such time as itis inanually or otherwise released. Means for re- 95 leasing said pawl is not shown because the same will preferably bc carried by the in- 'strumen-t case and may be ot any desired forni.

asL

In Fig. l is shown a modification of the above described apparatus which may advantageousl)v be used, especially where ver)r compact, single-phase current meters, are f desired. frame il? carries a bearing meniber 21H in which the upper end of a main shaft 3!) is journaled.

The armature clement JfOis supported on the. shaft Il!) concentricalliv with an auxiliary element -l-l. Said auxiliaryy element l1 is spaced above the clement Ll() and is sup- 110 ported by hanger rods vl2 llieluliper ends of which are secured to a crossbar or head 43. A shaftor spindle 44, the upper end of which is provided with a bearing in a bracket l5. extends through the middle of, and is rigidly fixed to the cross-hem! 43 and has .p its lower end supported in a bearing in the upper side. of the member 3S. rThe auxiliary element -ll is cent-rally aperturcd at 46 so that its movement may be freely independent of the rotation ot the element 40. It is evidentthat the, fluxes which influence element l1() will immediately, and to the samevextent, inlucuce the `element 41 but, the mount# ing of the. two elements being entirely independent of each other, the motion of element 11 may be regulated as readily as the motion ot' the auxiliary element in the construction shown in Fig. 1.

In the modification shown in Fig. 5, 47` is 13| '35 to the point where the i":sT AVAILABLE Coe` the magnet core of a polyphase meter and 4S the two main armature elements.` The two auxiliary elements 49 arel rigidly mounted upon the shaft 50 ot the maximnm-deimind 5 attachment.

ln the operation oi the apparatus-here-` inbet'ore described. the magnetic fiuXes set np 111 they field ot' the elmtroniagnet develop the torque in the main' element 3-which rey volves. the latter and sets in operation the registering or integrating apparatus. 'l`hei saine linx which influences element Ihis apconsisting of the gear train and eseapement mechanism connecting shaft 14 and main shaft '1.

train is set in motion immediately. and the escapement lever 3() begins to act on the eseapement wheel 31. This acts to retard the.

. movement oi shat'tH. since the gear train is so geared down that the escapement lever. reciprocating once with eaeh halt rotation of gear 2.4, permits the sha'lt H- to move at comparatively widely separated intervals. Thus, it `is necessary for the actuating torque to continue for an appreciable length of time in order to permit force is balanced by the hair spring 13. In this way.I the momentary torques of `hort circuits and added loads are prevented trom making themselves telt -in the maxiniiuii-deniaiid apparatus. By changing the ratios ot' the gears ot the train-gear` the intervals at which the escapement operates may be varied.

,. 'hen the shal't 1l moves to the limit ol` the force exerted. and the'actuatingtorce subsides. thc shaft is retained in its position of maximum movement. as hereinbetore described. by means ofthe pawl and ratchet wheel -l. until such `timc as the meter is i'eafl and reset;

o From the` foregoing. it will be understoml that two mechanisms are actuated iu accordance with the energy to be measured. lli no means were connected between tht` two rr mechanisms one -wonld indicate the encrgv that. has traversed the meter would indicate the power traversing the meter. llence. il the power i'luctuatcd. the indicatingpointer 1S would indicate such iluctiiations. I

lt is well known thatno definite law has heen agreed upon in regard tcllieicxtenthto retard the pointer it; olI thimeter in order to cause it to indicat l a value that .will represent'the demand which is most suitable-` ior computing a customeris bill.. llowevei,

energy or the Since shaft 4, starts vto rotate` simultaneously with the shaft 14, the gear' the shatit to 'operate vmaxinu'im-demand and the other` it has been determined that, if the pointer 18 is so retarded iii its operation in accordance with any predetermined law, which, in this case is 111 accordance with the rate ot it will-indicate a value that is not subject to rapid fluctuations which may be regarded as `the desired maximum demand or the demand equivalent of the energy to be metered. 'lhat is. its indications will be substantially*steady o1" damped and will gradually reach a value corresponding to the de'- `mand equivalent.

'l`he operations ot' the completeY devices 'construct'et'l according to the vmodifications shown` in Figs. 4 and 5 are. similar or the same as the. operation ot' the device fully described in this specification.

I claim as my invention:

1. An electro-resiionsive device comprising two movable members; a single means to 'applying similar actuating forces to the said movable members and means interposed bctween the two movable members whereby one-ofthe movable members controls the operation ot' theA other.

A meter comprising two armature elc- 4ments.- a single means for simultaneously applying similar armature elements. an indicator actuated by one ot' the said elements and means whereby the other element controls the actuation of the said indicator.

3. ln a iva'ttnieter. the combination with means for developing a magnetic field, 0f an integrating trolled by the said magneticv field for actuatingthe said integrating mechanism,- a maximuin-deiiiand mechanism also eontrolled bythe said magnetic field, andl an indicator actuated by one mechanism and controlled b v the other. i

4. ln a wattiiieter. the combination -with means fordeveloping a magnetic. field` ot an integrating mechanism` an element controlled by the said magnetic field for actuating the said integratingmechanism, a

mechanism also conpower traversing the meter;

actuating forces to the said' mechanism. an element con lses trolled by the said magnetic field. an indieator yan integrating element. means ractuated by the magnetic field for actuating the said integrating clement;- an indieatlng element,

actuated b v one mechanism, .and .means interposed between the said .ineclia-` means also actuated by the magnetic field for actuating the saidv indicating element, and means connected en train between the said integrating element actuating means and the last mentioned means for controlling the extent of movement of the said indicating element.

'i'. In a wattmeter, thecombination with means for developinga magnetic field, of independently mounted armature elements controlled by said magnetic field, an integrating means actuated by one of said armature elements, a maximum-demand indicator actuated by another of said armature elements, and a means connected en train between said armature elements, whereby the movement of said maximum-demand indicator is controlled. 8. In a wattmeter, the combination with means for developing a magnetic field', of an integrating mechanism, a maximum-demand registering means, an armature in said magnetic field and connected to said integrating mechanism, a second armature also in said magnetic field and connected to said maximum-demand registering means, and a time element connected en train between said armatures, whereby the movement of said second armature is controlled by the movement of the first armature.

9. In a maximum demand wattmeter, the combination with means for developing a magnetic field, of an integrating mechanism, a maximum-demand registering means, an armature element geared to said integrating mechanism and located in said magnetic field, a second armature clement located in said field in position to receive at least a part of the same magnetic influence as said first mentioned armature element and connected to said maximum-demand registering means, a tensioned element adapted to balance the effect of the magnetic infiuence on said second armature element. and a time clement connected en train between said armature elements, whereby the former retards the action of the latter.

10. In a wattmeter, the combination with means for developing a magnetic field, of an integrating mechanism, a maximum-power registering means, of an armature projecting into said magnetic field and connected to said integrating mechanism, a second armature also projecting into said magnetic field and connected to said maximum-powel` registering means, and a time element connected en train between said armatures, and consisting of an escapcment mechanism geared to the shaft of said first mentioned armature element, and acting on an escapement wheel carried by the shaft of said second armature element.

11. In a wattmetei", the combination with means for developing a magnetic field, of an integrating mechanism, a maximum-power registering means, an armature projecting into said magnetic field and connected to said integrating mechanism, a second armature also projecting into said magnetic field and connected to said maximum-power registering means, means for retaining said second armature in its position of maximum movement when infinenced by said magnetic field, and a time element connected en train between said second armature and said first armature.

12. In a wattmeter, the combination with means for developing a magnetic field, of an integrating mechanism, a maximumpower registering means, an armature element geared to said integrating mechanism and projecting into said'magnetic field, a second armature element projecting into said field to receive, in whole or in part. the same magnetic influence as said first mentioned armature element and connected to said maximumpower registering means, a ten-A sioned element adapted to balance the effect of the. magnetic influence upon said second armature element, means for retaining said second ari'nature element in its position of maximum defiection, and a time elementconnected en train between said armature elements.

13. In a wattlneter, the combination with means for developing a magnetic field, of an integrating mechanism, a maximum-powcr registering means, an armature element geared to said integrating mechanism and projecting into said magnetic field, a second armature element projecting into said field to receive influence from the same magnetic field as said first mentioned armature element and connected to said maximum-power registering means` a tensioned element adapted to balance the effect of' the magnetic influencer upon .said second armature element, releasable means for retaining said second armature. element in its position ot' maximum deflection, and a time element connected en train between said armature elements.

14. A wattmeter comprising two movable members, a single means for actuating the movable members` in accordamcel with the energy traversing the wattmeter and means actuated by one of' the members for causing the other member to be retarded in its operation in accordance with energy traversing the meter.

15. In a wattmetcr, thc combination with means for developing a magnetic field, of an integrating element, means actuated by the magnetic field for actuating the said integrating elcment, an indicating element. means also actuated by the magnetic field for actuating the said indicating element, and means whereby the integrating element causes the indicating element to be so resteady value that is the demand equivalent of the fluctuating energy traversing the meter.

1G. A wattmeter comprising two armature elements, means for simultaneously ap ply/'ing thereto similar actuating forces, in-

tegrating and indicating mechanisms lassociated respectively with said armature elements, and means whereby the integrating armature element controls the operation of the indicating mechanism.

1T. A wattmeter comprising a main and an auxiliary armature element, means for simultaneously applying to said armature elements similar actuating forces, and means whereby the main armature element controls the operation of the auxiliary armature element.

In a wattmeter, the combination with means for developing a magnetic field, of an integrating element, means actuated by the magnetic field for actuating the said integrating element, an indicating element, means also actuated by the magnetic field for actuating the said indicating element, and means actuated by the integrating element for so controlling the indicating ele; ment thatit indicates the demand equivalent ot' the energy traveneing the meter.

19. In a wattmeter, the combination with means for developing a magnetic field, of an integrating element, means actuated by the magneticffield for actuating the said integrating element, an indicating element, means also actuated by'the magnetic field for actuating the said indicating element, and means actuated by the integrating ele ment for so increasing the time required for the indicating element to operate that its indication is substantially the demand equivalentcf the energy traversing the meter.

2f). In a wattmeter, the combination with means for develoliing a magnetic field, of an integrating element. means actuated by the magnetic field for actuating thc said integratingelement, an indicating element, means also actuated by the magnetic field for actuating the said indicating element, and means disposed between the two Vele- `equivalent said movable members and ments whereby the indicating eleinent'is so retarded that it will indicate the demand or'- the energy traversing the meter.

21. An electro-responsive device comprising two movable members, a. single means for applying similar actuating forceel to the 'means' interposed between the ,two movable members whereby one sol retards the movement of the other that a time interval is required for it to moveto its final position.

22. A wattmeter comprising two movable members, a singlemeans for applying similaractuating forces to the said movable members and means interposed between the two movable members whereby one causes the operation of the other to be delayed an interval of time.

23. A wattmeterv comprising two armature elements, means for independently applying thereto similar actuating forces, integrating and indicating mechanisms associated respectively with said armature elements and means whereby one of the mechanisms controls the operation of the other."

24. In a .wattmeter, the combination with means for developing a magnetic field, of an integrating mechanism, an element controlled by the said magnetic field for actu ating the said integrating mechanism a second mechanism independently controlled by the said magnetic field, and an indicator actuated by one mechanism and controlled by the other.

25. In a wattmeter, the combination with means for developing a magnetic field, of tivo mechanismsv adapted to be .simultaneously and independently actuated by the magnetic field, and an indicator actuated by one mechanism .and controlled by the other.

:The foregoing specification signed at Boston, Massachusetts this ninth day of March, 1912.

CLARENCE ALEXANDER BODDIE.

In presence of'- n JOHN VVsRonKE, J. E. BROWN. 

